The human brain consists of two
parts, namely, the brain lodged in the brain case (skull) and the spinal cord
lodged in the vertebral column.
General Facts about Human Brain
- The human brain has two sides. The right side and the left side. The right side controls the left half of the body and the left side controls the right half of the body.
- The Skull protects the brain its is composed of 22 Bones.
- The weight of the average human brain triples between birth and adulthood. The final weight of the brain in an adult male is about 1.4 kg and 1.3 kg in the case of a woman, which averages about 3 per cent of body weight of a normal person.
- The brain uses about 20 per cent of the oxygen a man breathes, 20 per cent of calories a man takes in and about 15 per cent of body blood.
- The average brain contains about 100 billion neurons—microscopic nerves cells.
- The human brain is the largest and most powerful sex organ.
- Our brain is 80% water.
- Our brain is move active and thinks more at night than during the day.
- The Brain cells will never be replaced.
Central nervous system :
The brain and the spinal cord, along
with nerves, constitute the nervous system. The brain consists of
(i) Cerebrum: The
largest part of the brain, consists of two hemispheres separated by corpus
callosum, a deep median furrow. It controls voluntary actions and is the seat of
intelligence, memory association, imagination and will.
(ii) Cerebellum:
Attached to cerebrum and situated next to the medulla, this is a large mass
having ridges and furrows. It regulates muscular movement of locomotion.
(iii) Medulla oblongata:
It is the lowermost part of the brain, which continues as the spinol chord in
the vertebral column. It controls involuntary action.
(iv) Spinal cord: It is
the elongated, nearly cylindrical continuation of the medulla. It is enclosed
in vertebrae and runs down the back. The length of the spinal cord in on
average man is about 1 metre (3.3 ft).
(v) Nerves: Whitish
cords consisting of large numbers of exceedingly fine filaments (nerve fibres)
of variable diameter, nerves ore bound together in bundles by fibrous tissues.
Function of nerves:
Nerve fibres transmit messages
(nerve impulses) (both to and fro) from the central nervous system to various
ports of the body. The fibres that carry impulses
from the central nervous system are called efferent. Many of these pass to the
muscles to make them contract and are, therefore, called motor nerve fibres.
Those carrying impulses to the central nervous system are called afferent
fibres. The information they transmit from the skin and deeper tissues often
evokes subjective sensation within the nervous system, hence, they are called
sensory nerve fibres.
Classification of nerves:
(i) Cranial nerves are attached to the brain and emerge from the skull
(cranium).
(ii) Spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord, which is enclosed in
the vertebral column.
Brain Imaging Tools:
Computed tomography (CT) scan—to
take images of your brain.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography
(PET).
Diseases & Disorders of Brain:
- Alzheimer’s disease, may manifest as you age and slowly impair your memory and thought processes.This progressive disease damages nerve cells in parts of the brain involved in memory, learning, language, and reasoning. In early stages, short-term memory begins to fail.
- Tay-Sachs disease, begin at an early age. Tay-Sachs disease affects a child’s mental and physical capabilities.
- Tumors can develop in the brain’s tissue and cause many problems, including preventing blood circulation in the brain. These growths may be cancerous or benign.
- Parkinson’s disease
Also Read:
- Vitamins-Functions, Types, Characteristics, Chemical Name, Uses and Deficiency Diseases
- Deficiency diseases - for General Knowledge
- Important Medical Inventions and their Inventors
- Botanical Names of Important Medicinal and Common Plants with their Usage in Medicine
- Important Vaccines and Persons who discovered them - GK for Competitive Exams
- Important Therapeutic Instruments in Medicine
- IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS - General Knowledge
- Blood Groups for General Knowledge
- Endocrine Glands & Their Hormones
- Structure and Working of Eye - Simple Review
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